Pictures of the LAPD Upgrade Construction

Click on them for a larger jpeg image

	Empty Lab space in August 1998. Shown are a set of Tokomak magnets (donated by Bob Taylor and originally from Princeton) which will supplement our existing 68 coils.
	End chamber which will hold a cathode at Dan's Machine Shop, Compton California. Oct 1998 Holes for flanges are being bored
	Chambers after being "bead blasted" at National Sandblasting" in Los Angeles
	Chambers being loaded on a truck for the drive to Westwood
	The brand new STRB (Science and Tecnology Reserch) building at UCLA. The LAPD upgrade dwells in a radiation-and earthquake proof basement.
	Walter Gekelman Relaxing after the vacuum chambers have been brought to the basement lab
	Pat Pribyl adjusts an end flange before welding
	Water Pipes instllalled to cool the magnets ( 5 inch diameter up to 300 psi) and power supplies.
	Installation of 4 MW substation for Magnet Power Supplies
	Bringing down the 28,000 lb main section of the substation
	Riggers from Dunkel Brothers  The best in LA and who had 0.25" clearance at the top of whilst moving in the substation (714-712-5888) moving in the power supplies
	Power supplies being lowered  Down the Hole
	Dragging in the substation with a forklift which was lowered down for the occasion
	Dave Dunkel and Son  making money and having fun
	All ten magnet supplies  ( 4 Megawatt DC) Lined up and waiting for the juice Janurary 1999 Powersupplies designed and manufactured by   PO box 9210 S. Burlington, Vermont (802)860-7200
	Christel Smith is adding color to the walls. April 2000
	Dave Leneman and Jim Maggs admire the nearly completed vacuum system
	Eugen Dietl "the best vacuum welder in LA" 450 ports welded on the machine, NO LEAKS Weld Labs PO Box 629 Santa Monica CA 90406 (310) 674-8886
	The copper bussbars are beginning to be put up. March 2000
	Marvin Drandel (the LAPD technical staff) stares at the bussbars. When finished, there will be 66,000 pounds of them.
	Party to Celebrate completion of the vacuum system (December 1999) Base pressure 3X10-7 TORR !!! without discharge cleaning or heating
	In the summer of 2000 many a happy day was spent attaching the bussbars to the 5 foot thick walls Bussbars manufactured by
	September 2000. The bussbars are nearly finished and a 5" water line has been installed for magnet cooling
	September 2000. The power supplies in the processes of being connected to the Copper bussbars
	October 2000 . Plumbing to the machine is nearly complete. The bussbars which connect the power on the walls have been extended to a point just over the machine. Supports have been put in the ceiling and support poles are AJ'd into the floor.

	October 2000. David Leneman leans on the bussbar support pole. Shown are some of the 450 access ports.
	October 2000. The cathode heater (96 cm in diameter) in vacuum and at 500 degrees C. The cathode will be placed in front of it. A compelet paper describing its very new design and operation will appear in about a year in the Review of Scientific Instruments
	December 2000 1 meter diameter cathode at 600C, The cathode is very uniform in temperature (1 degree difference across its surface) thanks to an intricate reflector and heat shield design by David Leneman after_shutdown.JPG

	On December 10 2000 at 7:49 PM The LAPD was shut down after 11 years of operation. It will re-emerge as the LAPD UPGRADE THIS SPRING. The last cathode worked continuously for 4 months or 8,162,791 shots. During the last 4 months the following experiments were done: a) LIF study of particle motion in intense Alfven waves b) Field line resonances c) Propagation of shear waves in density gradients d) Plasma edge turbulence e) Plasma flows in density gradients d) Laser target experiments which generated Alfven waves
	On December 20-21 The Dunkel Bros. Riggers extrodinare came to move the 68 magnets (1000 lbs each) , carts, and other assorted equipment from the LAPD lab to the science and technology building across the street. To do this they had to use a forklift to put a forklift onto the building loading dock. It was then driven into the lab. On the Job Dave, Mark, Larry, Sal, Jo Jo, Joel, Steve and Ken
	..............................Dave Dunkel removes the vacuum station at the end of the device and gets the ball rolling
	......Mark gets one of the vacuum chambers out using delicate forklift techniques
	Mark and Jo Jo steady things
	One of the vacuum chambers on the forklift
	Magnets without a chamber or a plasma to confine
	Gone
	After the move:: Mark, Steve, Larry, Sal and Walter
	December 21 There was a roomful of magnets just waiting to be tosssed (with precision) onto the machine
	February 21   80% of the magnets have been painstakingly placed and aligned on the new chamber
	The Finished LAPD Device Quality research Plasma is attained in October 2001
	A Neon Plasma (11 Kiloamp discharge) 18 meters long, viewed end-on
	On Nov 1, 2001 UCLA sponsored a tour of its plasma physics program for the American Physical Society Plasma Physics Division. Approximately 150 scientists visited the LAPD upgrade device. The machine is now the core of a user facilty sponsored by NSF/DOE and ONR.